SSPA - Agorà | Blog | fashion shoes instead of pure Nike Shoxshoes

The stars, wang Lin figure as illusory as shuttle, he is nike tn not directly to the day star, but with the mind induction, silently looking for reggina, big head the boy with DaShan three people.

At the beginning of a war, wang Lin are too busy this them, after the event into nothing is lost track.

From nothing comes out, until now, have leisure.

Even DaShan, wang Lin in the war and then lost touch, just that he and DaShan fairy who exist between seal, under the perception, but not difficult also found the trail.

Wang Lin remember, in that war, three people has not been affected, and now, his eyes closed, god knows a away so long after faintly feel in the east, have a little familiar fluctuations.

Wang Lin look calm, open your eyes towards forward step foot in corrugated echoed, he was swallowed up in the sky.

"The technique, the landslide so powerful, though have expected the BaiFan emperor after three surgery before que que more wonderful than was only the art of landslides, or not imagine… landslides, landslides, exactly what kind of feeling, can let the BaiFan emperor, unexpectedly from creating so powerful art of…… do not know when, I can also original creation itself a law of magically…"

In the far east in wang Lin, have a slow drift done huge stone, the stone was obviously is a fix true star crashed division and a fractured, not neat, float line is there is some tiny pulverized fall off.

In the peripheral, is still a faint mana wave like the floe of tobacco general, be in bleaching line continuously dissipate. The rocks look is unusual, in under the stars, such rocks is really too much, will not be someone special attention.

DaShan cross legs hidden in that the interior of the stones, motionless, since he lost contact with wang Lin, at heart a vacant, just the green of the emperor who insists the technique, though the harmony in the body of god scattered deals, but has a sane clever exist, and won’t think of things puppet has the very big difference.

DaShan detect no longer wang Lin, subconscious found this big boulders and into them cross legs sat down, quiet meditation.

This day, DaShan flung open the eyes of the meditation, eyes a calm, not a waves, the body as it from within the boulder under out of, standing in the above Stonehenge.

In his ahead, appeared in the sky of corrugated, wang Lin step out of.

DaShan see wang Lin, look there is no change, just nike tn requin show respect of color.

Wang Lin face smiling, to DaShan called a hand, DaShan immediately step forward one step, into a virtual shadow into behind wang Lin disappear.

"Next, is big head and reggina……." Wang Lin close my eyes and feel for big heart silently, a sign of for a long time, his eyebrows a wrinkly.

"Big head mark is very weak, as if all the time away." He step towards the sky, put in the figure into nothing.

The stars, there is a huge figure strides up a road is full of blood wound diffuse its body, but also with this person every move, will make many crack, the outflow of blood.

Almost every step, all have shed blood. The most horrible, it is this person back in the spine, from the first day until the seventh day, each section above all have a deep pit, send out dark green grass. In addition, the man in the other bone joints in transition, every place have a deep green mans, under the dense, should not decades!

In the shoulder, and a pale complexion is the godsworn, the godsworn body weird, the head as large as measures, but the body is very thin.

In this big head the godsworn turned their hearts, a black hand imprint send out a peculiar stink of taste, more filar silk black smoke from within the fingerprints savoir, fall in nothing, a yi yi voice.

In addition, in the big head godsworn back flesh and blood, but also deep depression will continue, with an extremely high speed in decay, unless he has been to the yuan force resistance, afraid of pain early unconscious.

", you let me go, reggina leave alone go." Big mouth out the blood of the black, dark eyes lost everything luster.

The huge figure silence faster, for a long time, and a buzzing sound out: "big head, you are to save my reggina before anyone wounds, I as a giant of the inferno reggina, how can you, and even if it is left alone, has left the soldiers behind won’t pursue me! Their goal, is me! You and don’t want to say again, transport the merit mainly healing!"

Big head godsworn wry smile, looking at the front of the sky, the more dark eyes, he is like see years ago the family mother, the mother not scold him, but with downy eyes, then to summon.

"Mom……" Big head murmur, a share in the dead on nike requin earth. He between trance, see our own family, saw the hundreds of years was kill of the person.

These people one by one in the front appear, cold stare at himself.

Big head a shake body, he feels very cold, this cold, is not only the body, the mind is more the lonely. The memory when constantly emerge.

"I want to leave it… thousand years of cultivation, and, in the end, or to go……" Big head back, that black hands the stench more strong taste, diffuse under, the bulk of the whole back almost a dark.

His eyes, slowly close, like be cold diffuse, gradually will lose all consciousness.

"Big head, hold on! I believe that master will to find us!" In the big head godsworn will close at the moment of the reggina as thunder roar into big ears.

Big head body was shocked, and forced open my eyes, show wry smile, low voice way: "is it…"

Behind in reggina, have two thousand cubits figure followed up continuously, the two figure like giant, in a rumbling sound, making big strides-and pursuit.

The two giants in the eyebrows, all are the marks of an axe flashing constantly, the two people face cold, eyes contain the pitfalls.

In one of the giants of the head, cross legs sat a youth, this young man wearing a blue unlined upper garment, the appearance is very beautiful, but just a hint of evil are different.

He did not cross legs, but leans on the back, holding a string of man of cherry small fruit, now in his mouth to eat on a, see to the front of the reggina eyes, full of mock and is in the bag.

"The eyes of the young master, in this league flesh star domain has never can escape the person, have never thought out a play even to meet the inferno royalty, good, good body!"

"Home of the old thing say what now gone, and come alliance war easily go out, if not come out, how can meet this kind of flesh!" Young had a bite cherry, smile on his face, but open vomit, suddenly the cherry nuclear out directly, into a long rainbow straight to reggina.

The cherry nuclear too fast and turn an eye came up with air max bw reggina, in neighboring moment with a bang into the green skeleton, India roar to reggina spine section 8.

But, in that green mans skeleton will seal at the moment of under, it is a hand from out of nothing, took hold of the skeleton, ruthlessly a pinch, bam brought the skeleton nie explosion!

Reggina corrugated echoed behind, a cold voice broke.

"How dare you, dare wound I mount and minions!"

"Master!" Reggina body was shocked, and flung back.

"Master!" Big eyes suddenly open, show it is hard to imagine the surprise–

Drink back, see all night to strong demand, born at heroism, add more!

Ripple echoed, wang Lin step out of, he look calm, appears after see that blue unlined upper garment youth, but turned and looked out on reggina the injury and death in the edge of the big head.

When he saw the big head back when the dark fingerprints, wang Lin eyes suddenly there was a flash.

His right hand grasp a vanity, immediately the bulk of the body was he a telekinesis take, raise right hand in the big head back a beat, in body, yuan force under operation, and immediately he was introduced into big surge to the body.

Big head ruddy complexion, from the blood of black open mouth, that blood is give foul odours.

At the moment, not far from the blue unlined upper garment youth, the body is still leaning, hand cherry and eat a, the left hand be one refers to wang Lin, is very unusual said: "sun child, you take the dog up with this huge flesh also have some inferno time enough to play out, the in order to, to take to this humiliation of the man killed."

Next to the giant of the inferno young people, on the face immediately show deferential, sink a track: "I obey!"

With that, he turned sharply, staring at wang Lin above show pitfalls, taking one step forward vanity, the hands clench fist, with a grin, immediately approximation.

In the nearby moment, this dog named sun the big fellow of the son, the right hand QiaJue, soon to be an ocean water in its feet unreal and go out, the water wave form, ups and downs under look far diffuse nike air bw pas cher fangyuan zhang, like the big fellow on waves like to.

"XiaoBei, die!" The big fellow mark according to the right hand forward, immediately around the baizhang ocean like boiling, together in the top right hand big fellow, into a dragon, with a roar to wang Lin.

In the rush to the dragon, even the red sea wind of face, wang Lin right hand in big head back, don’t go to see the sea dragons and behind the big fellow.

The big fellow for the practice of, is just what the early brezhnev, let alone at this moment the ancient god descended a wang Lin, even his own yuan fix for the force, kill the big fellow, not difficult also!

Although the inferno tough flesh, but compared with the ancient god, or too much on the poor. Wang Lin left hand big sleeve a rejection, immediately has a majestic crashing out of the force.

This power intangible, but in the moment of sleeve shaking wang Lin, he and the big fellow of the sky between soon to be the sound of kaka appear, like to break in general.

In this scene, immediately let the bite to cherry blue eyes of a young unlined upper garment, the movement was paused.

Besides the giant inferno big fellow, the magic strength of the dragon just a rushed out, immediately be a cold can’t imagine the support of the body, the body play dragon earthquake, miserably HSS 1, the impact is had to stop potential, but also in the invisible to sweep in and out of the direct rewind.

On the scales fall off immediately woods, into water away, just moment, this sea dragons in constant rewind, of that completely abreaction.

As for the big fellow, but also binocular pupil shrinks, want to back away from but still late, in that the dragon rewind away at the moment of the big fellow chest suddenly a concave, the whole people blew a gulp of blood, body is back up.

The sound of banging out in succession from the body, and each time the sound, in the big fellow, will have a position explodes into the blood.

The time just few interest rates, the big fellow has become a blood, his eyes to his fear of horror, especially see wang Lin left hand into a vanity grasp, it is to let the big fellow scalp effect.

"Young master save me!!!!!!"

The blue unlined upper garment youth look dark, flung up the body, the right hand cherry branch a pinch, forward to the left, the sound of banging, cherry branch of a cherry all chipped, into crimson fluid mixed with nike air max pas cher countless cherry nuclear, straight to wang Lin.

downy cherry | Flickr - Photo Sharing!

To take full advantage of Flickr, you should use a JavaScript-enabled browser and install the latest version of the Macromedia Flash Player.

•  ☆  Favorite
• Actions▾
• Share via email
• Share on Facebook
• Share on Twitter
•  
• Share▾

keyboard shortcuts: ← previous photo → next photo L view in light box F favorite < scroll film strip left > scroll film strip right ? show all shortcuts

Acme Coupon Deals | Week of April 27, 2012 — Moms Need To ...

Grocery, Canned Goods and Pantry Items

Frozen Foods

Refrigerated/Dairy

Meat, Seafood & Deli

Produce

Baked Goods

Personal Hygiene & Beauty

Crest Toothpaste or Oral-B Toothbrush - $3.50
Get $1 off your next order when you buy 2

• $0.25/1 Crest toothpaste or liquid gel, 4oz+ 04/29/12 P&G Insert (exp 05/31/12)
• $0.75/1 Crest 3D White Toothpaste 04/01/12 RP Insert (exp 05/13/12)
• $1/1 Crest Liquid or Gel Toothpaste, 4 oz+ P&G Mailer, Have You Tried This Yet? (exp 04/30/12)
• $0.25/1 Crest Toothpaste, 4 oz+ 04/01/12 P&G Insert (exp 04/30/12)
• $10 MIR WYB $50 Venus, Clairol, Olay, Secret, CoverGirl, Herbal Essences, Aussie, Head & Shoulders, Pantene, Safeguard, Ivory, Crest 3D White, Always, and/or Tampax 04/29/12 P&G Insert (exp 06/15/12)

Final price as low as $2 after coupon

Always, Tampax or Radiant liners, Always Infinity Pads or Tampax Pearl - $3.79
Get $1 off your next order when you buy 2

• $10 MIR WYB $50 Venus, Clairol, Olay, Secret, CoverGirl, Herbal Essences, Aussie, Head & Shoulders, Pantene, Safeguard, Ivory, Crest 3D White, Always, and/or Tampax 04/29/12 P&G Insert (exp 06/15/12)
• $1/1 Always Infinity, 12 ct+ or Always Radiant Infinity 04/01/12 P&G Insert (exp 04/30/12)
• $0.50/1 Always Pads, Lean or Feminine Cleansing Cloths 04/01/12 P&G Insert (exp 04/30/12)
• $0.50/1 Always Pads, Clean or Feminine Cleansing Cloth 04/29/12 P&G Insert (exp 05/31/12)
• $0.50/1 Always Pantiliners, 30ct+ 04/29/12 P&G Insert (exp 05/31/12)
• $1/1 Tampax Pearl, Pearl Compak, Radiant, 16 ct+ 04/01/12 P&G Insert (exp 04/30/12)
• $0.35/1 Tampax Pearl, Pearl Compak or Radiant 16ct+ 04/29/12 P&G Insert (exp 05/31/12)
• $0.50/1 Tampax, 18 ct+ 04/29/12 P&G Insert (exp 05/31/12)
• $1/1 Always Radiant or Tampax Radiant, excluding trial/travel, pg. 214 Allure, May 2012 (exp 06/30/12)

Final price as low as $2.79 after coupon

Household/Cleaning/Pet

Tide Stain Release or Laundry Detergent - $11.99
Get $2 off your next order when you buy 1

• $0.50/1 Tide, Downy, Bounce or Tide Stain Release 04/01/12 P&G Insert (exp 04/30/12)
• $1/2 Tide, Downy, Bounce or Tide Stain Release 04/01/12 P&G Insert (exp 04/30/12)
• $2/3 Tide Downy, Bounce or Tide Stain Release 04/01/12 P&G Insert (exp 04/30/12)
• $1/1 Tide Detergent, excludes PODS and trial 03/11/12 SS Insert (exp 04/30/12)
• $1/2 Tide Stain Release (exclude travel/trial size) 03/11/12 SS Insert (exp 04/30/12)
• $0.50/1 Tide Stain Release 03/11/12 SS Insert (exp 04/30/12)
• $1/3 Tide, Downy, Bounce or Tide Stain Release excludes PODS/trial 04/29/12 P&G Insert (exp 05/31/12)
• $0.50/2 Tide, Downy, Bounce or Tide Stain Release excludes PODS/trial 04/29/12 P&G Insert (exp 05/31/12)
• $0.25/1 Tide, Downy, Bounce or Tide Stain Release excludes PODS/trial 04/29/12 P&G Insert (exp 05/31/12)

Final price as low as $10.99 after coupon

Bounce or Gain Dryer Bar or Downy or Bounce Fabric Softener - $4.99
Get $2 off your next order when you buy 2

• $1/1 Gain Detergent, Fabric Softener, Sheets, Dryer Bars or Scent Boosters 03/18/12 RP Inserts (exp 04/30/12)
• $1.50/2 Gain Detergent, Fabric Softener, Sheets, Dryer Bars or Scent Boosters 03/18/12 RP Insert (exp 04/30/12)
• $1.50/1 Gain Detergent, Fabric Softener, Sheets, Dryer Bars or Scent Boosters 03/18/12 RP Insert (exp 04/30/12)
• $0.50/1 Gain Detergent, Fabric Softener, Sheets, Dryer Bar or Scent Booster 03/18/12 RP Insert (exp 04/30/12)
• $1/1 Gain Fabric Enhancer 04/15/12 RP Insert (exp 05/31/12)
• $.20/1 Downy (excludes trial/travel size) 03/11/12 SS Insert (exp 04/30/12)
• $0.50/1 Downy 03/11/12 SS Insert (exp 04/30/12)
• $0.50/1 Tide, Downy, Bounce or Tide Stain Release 04/01/12 P&G Insert (exp 04/30/12)
• $1/2 Tide, Downy, Bounce or Tide Stain Release 04/01/12 P&G Insert (exp 04/30/12)
• $2/3 Tide Downy, Bounce or Tide Stain Release 04/01/12 P&G Insert (exp 04/30/12)
• $.20/1 Bounce (excludes trial/travel size) 03/11/12 SS Insert (exp 04/30/12)
• $0.50/1 Bounce 03/11/12 SS Insert (exp 04/30/12)
• $1/3 Tide, Downy, Bounce or Tide Stain Release excludes PODS/trial 04/29/12 P&G Insert (exp 05/31/12)
• $0.50/2 Tide, Downy, Bounce or Tide Stain Release excludes PODS/trial 04/29/12 P&G Insert (exp 05/31/12)
• $0.25/1 Tide, Downy, Bounce or Tide Stain Release excludes PODS/trial 04/29/12 P&G Insert (exp 05/31/12)

Final price as low as $3.49 after coupon

Page Loading...

Cherry's Kitchen: All-occasion downy yellow butter cake

Since I'm currently taking the Wilton cake decorating class 2x/week, I'm really into the 'cakey' mood. I've been baking cakes from scratch to bring it to the class for decoration practice.
On page 30 of the Cake bible, Rose gave a very convincing description of why this cake is her fave. "If I had to choose among all my cakes, this one would win first place because it is delicious by itself yet versatile enough to accommodate a wide range of buttercreams. The cake combines the soft texture of white cake with the buttery flavor of yellow cake. Using of yolks instead of whole eggs produce a rich yellow color, fine texture, and delicious flavor. "
With this description, who wouldn't want to check this out!
Ingredients:
6 large egg yolks
milk 1 cup ( I used Silk soy milk)
vanilla ( 21/4 t)
sifted cake flour, 3 cups
sugar, 1 1/2 cups ( I used 1 cup)
baking powder, 1T + 1 t
salt, 3/4 t
unsalted butter, 12 T ( must be softened)
Directions:
1. Preheat oven to 350F
2. In a medium bowl, combine the yolks, 1/4 cup milk and vanilla.
3. In a large mixing bowl, combine the dry ingredients and mix on low speed for 30 sec to blend. Add butter and remaining 3/4 c milk. Mix on low sped until the dry ingredients are moistened. Increase to high speed ( for hand mixers) and beat 1 1/2 min to aerate and develop cake structure. Scrape down the sides. Gradually add the egg mixture in 3 batches, beating 20 seconds after each addition to incorporate the ingredients and strengthen the structure. Scrape down the sides.
4. Scrape the batter into prepared pans and smooth the surface with spatula. ( pan will be 1/2 full).
5. Bake 25-35 mins. THe cake should shrink from the sides of the pan only after removal from the oven.
Store: 2 days room temperature, 5 days refrigerated, 2 months frozen.
Texture is most perfectly moist the same day as baking.
Complementary adornments: A simple dusting of powdered sugar, buttercream, glaze or fondant.
Evaluation:
I really like this cake! And I have to admit that I made a huge mistake by not adding butter! *opps** After putting the pan into the oven, I felt that something was wrong although I could not pin-point what was wrong. It was several minutes later that I realized butter was not added. *embarrassed red face* I rushed to open the oven door to find the cake cooking and rising well. Since the equipments were not washed, I hesitatingly made another batch. Glad I did. *_^ Otherwise, I'd not realize how nice this cake is. ;p

At Wilton cake class 1, lesson 2...something we did

And finally, practicing on the cake...

Wilton Cake decorating class 2: final product that I didn't post up earlier...

Classic Cambridge Satchel and Man Shirt is Perfect Collocation

Men dress with Cambridge Satchel collocation is always an indelible topic, the man shirt, trousers, etc in more than ten years are men's clothing of change from among them, color, style is numbered, but as long as tie, men's clothing design reasonable collocation can protean!

1. The show grade men's shirts collocation: cream-colored suit blue shirt downy cream-colored or brown grid pattern tie.

Belong to the tall lightness and blue cream-colored men's shirts for contrast to match, a neat, marked, relaxed, happy visual effect, make a person as if place oneself in tropical island beach of white face blue sea, relaxed and happy. And grid design showcase noble, elegant taste.

2. Show sense of men's shirts collocation career: blue suit light gray men's shirts twill tie

Rigorous, composed blue-black, and the contemporary light gray men's shirts collocation, lays out a smart, capable, and wisdom of elite business image.

Twill pattern of the tie is no doubt tell people it of the host has resolute and resolute drive.

3. Show the men's shirts are authority tie-in: dark blue suitm white men's shirts sauce red tie.
 
In the party's 16 big closing, domestic new generation of leaders in the image of the display screen, it is this match. In western society, this is is recognized as the most authoritative feeling and the most plausible collocation.

4. The show masculine men's shirts collocation: ash dark stripes blue and white men's shirts suit bright red tie.

Gray blue gives a person the feeling of strong, grave, dark stripe can strengthen the effect.

White men's shirts in all official, important occasions and suit collocation are is the best choice, a belief, stable, strong feeling. Bright red tie is very sexy. Above combination is women's eyes energetic, dynamic and full of vigor male charm image.
5. Easy to produce good men's shirts of tie-in: gray suit shallow blue shirt maroon tie.

Grey and light blue is no color and have a color collocation, shallow blue in the grey fuzzy tonal foil appears vivid in, elegance, and soft and intriguing. Belong to warm color is maroon tie do the size of small ornament, more people in mind brings warmth.

In the cold in December, choose a snow handle sweater suits, snow, deer, elk, eagle pattern such as is indispensable, black and white collocation is most classic.

Look at the Cambridge satchels at the street this year, with 30 years of historical patterns, blended in popular design element and advanced fabrics process, wash away ancient at the same time and bring out the ancient temperament, and at the moment, the "ancient the socialist" is already becoming New York, Tokyo, the new Paris fashion. This ancient the socialist from America to Europe to Japan, which has affected the Taiwan and Hong Kong, so a before the global sweater, cannot put it immediately to join your shopping list in winter?
 

Prunus tomentosa | Botany Course

Nanking Cherry (Prunus tomentosa) is a species of Prunus native to northern and western China (including Tibet), Korea, Mongolia, and possibly northern India (Jammu and Kashmir, though probably only cultivated there^[1]).^[2][3] Other common names for Prunus tomentosa include Korean cherry, Manchu cherry, Downy cherry, Shanghai cherry, Ando cherry, Mountain cherry^[4], Chinese Bush cherry, Chinese Dwarf cherry, or Hansen’s Bush Cherry.

It is a deciduous shrub, irregular in shape, 0.3–3 m (rarely 4 m) high and possibly somewhat wider. The bark is glabrous and copper-tinted black. The leaves are alternate, 2–7 cm long and 1–3.5 cm broad, oval to obovate, acuminate with irregularly serrate margins, rugose, dark green, pubescent above and tomentose below, with glandular petioles. The flowers are white or pink in a scarlet calyx, opening with or before the leaves in spring. They are reliably profuse, arranged in clusters on scarlet pedicels and are 1.5–2 cm in diameter. The fruit is a sweet but slightly tart cherry 5–12 mm (rarely to 25 mm) in diameter, scarlet, ripening in early summer. It prefers the full sun and grows naturally in a variety of soils. It is drought-resistant, and cold-resistant to hardiness zone 2.^[3][5][6]

Uses

The plant has long been widely cultivated throughout eastern Asia for its flowers and fruit.^[3] It was introduced to the British Isles in 1870,^[1] and the United States by the Arnold Arboretum in 1892.^[7][8][9]

It is cultivated for a number of purposes. The fruit is edible, being an ingredient of juice, jam, wine and in pickled vegetables and mushrooms.^[9] It is also grown as an ornamental plant, prized for its flowers and fruit, and pruned for bonsai, twin-trunk or clump shapes, or left upright.^[8] It is used for dwarfing rootstock for other cherries. In Manchuria and the mid-west of the United States, the shrub is planted in hedgerows to provide a windbreak. Under cultivation it flourishes in well-drained slightly acidic soil.

Several cultivars are grown; examples include ‘Graebneriana’ (Germany), ‘Insularis’ (Japan and Korea), ‘Leucocarpa’ (Manchuria; white fruit), and ‘Spaethiana’ (Europe).^[5]

Classification

Carl Peter Thunberg described the species from cultivated material collected in Japan between August 1775 and November 1776 while based on Dejima island in Nagasaki Bay. He published it twice, first in Murray’s Systema Vegetabilium, ed. 14 (p. 464) in May-June 1784,^[2][10] and again in Thunberg’s Flora Japonica (p. 203) in August 1784. He described the species as “fol. ovatis subtus tomentosis”, leaving no doubt that the plant was named from the tomentum, or wooly hairs, on the underside of the leaves. Murray gives credit to Thunberg.^[11]

what does downy ground cherry stand for? - Stand For

downy ground cherry stands for: decorative American annual having round fleshy yellow berries enclosed in a bladderlike husk
Synonym(s): Physalis pubescens ( what does Physalis pubescens stand for? ), strawberry tomato ( what does strawberry tomato stand for? )

WordNet 3.0 Copyright 2006 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.

What do YOU think downy ground cherry stands for?

Cherry | Botany Course

The cherry is the fruit of many plants of the genus Prunus, and is a fleshy stone fruit. The cherry fruits of commerce are usually obtained from a limited number of species, including especially cultivars of the wild cherry, Prunus avium.

The name ‘cherry’, often as the compound term ‘cherry tree’, may also be applied to many other members of the genus Prunus, or to all members of the genus as a collective term. The fruits of many of these are not cherries, and have other common names, including plum, apricot, peach, and others. The name ‘cherry’ is also frequently used in reference to cherry blossom.

Botany

Many cherry fruits are members of the subgenus Cerasus, which is distinguished by having the flowers in small corymbs of several together (not singly, nor in racemes), and by having a smooth fruit with only a weak groove or none along one side. The subgenus is native to the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, with two species in America, three in Europe, and the remainder in Asia.

Other cherry fruits are members of subgenus Padus.

The majority of eating cherries are derived from either Prunus avium, the wild cherry (sometimes called the sweet cherry), or from Prunus cerasus, the sour cherry.

Species

The list below contains many Prunus species that bear the common name cherry, but they are not necessarily members of the subgenus Cerasus, or bear edible fruit. For a complete list of species, see Prunus. Some common names listed here have historically been used for more than one species, e.g. “rock cherry” is used as an alternative common name for both P. prostrata and P. mahaleb.

• Prunus apetala (Siebold & Zucc.) Franch. & Sav. – clove cherry
• Prunus avium (L.) L. – wild cherry, sweet cherry, mazzard or gean
• Prunus campanulata Maxim. – Taiwan cherry, Formosan cherry or bell-flowered cherry
• Prunus canescens Bois. – greyleaf cherry
• Prunus caroliniana Aiton – Carolina laurel cherry or laurel cherry
• Prunus cerasoides D. Don. – wild Himalayan cherry
• Prunus cerasus L. – sour cherry
• Prunus cistena Koehne – purpleleaf sand cherry
• Prunus cornuta (Wall. ex Royle) Steud. – Himalayan bird cherry
• Prunus cuthbertii Small – Cuthbert cherry
• Prunus cyclamina Koehne – cyclamen cherry or Chinese flowering cherry
• Prunus dawyckensis Sealy – Dawyck cherry
• Prunus dielsiana C.K. Schneid. – tailed-leaf cherry
• Prunus emarginata (Douglas ex Hook.) Walp. – Oregon cherry or bitter cherry
• Prunus eminens Beck – German: mittlere Weichsel (semisour cherry)
• Prunus fruticosa Pall. – European dwarf cherry, dwarf cherry, Mongolian cherry or steppe cherry
• Prunus gondouinii (Poit. & Turpin) Rehder – duke cherry
• Prunus grayana Maxim. – Japanese bird cherry or Gray’s bird cherry
• Prunus humilis Bunge – Chinese plum-cherry or humble bush cherry
• Prunus ilicifolia (Nutt. ex Hook. & Arn.) Walp. – hollyleaf cherry, evergreen cherry, holly-leaved cherry or islay
• Prunus incisa Thunb. – Fuji cherry
• Prunus jamasakura Siebold ex Koidz. – Japanese mountain cherry or Japanese hill cherry
• Prunus japonica Thunb. – Korean cherry
• Prunus laurocerasus L. – cherry laurel
• Prunus lyonii (Eastw.) Sarg. – Catalina Island cherry
• Prunus maackii Rupr. – Manchurian cherry or Amur chokecherry
• Prunus mahaleb L. – Saint Lucie cherry, rock cherry, perfumed cherry or mahaleb cherry
• Prunus maximowiczii Rupr. – Miyama cherry or Korean cherry
• Prunus mume (Siebold & Zucc.) – Chinese plum or Japanese apricot
• Prunus myrtifolia (L.) Urb. – West Indian cherry
• Prunus nepaulensis (Ser.) Steud. – Nepal bird cherry
• Prunus nipponica Matsum. – Takane cherry, peak cherry or Japanese alpine cherry
• Prunus occidentalis Sw. – western cherry laurel
• Prunus padus L. – bird cherry or European bird cherry
• Prunus pensylvanica L.f. – pin cherry, fire cherry, or wild red cherry
• Prunus pleuradenia Griseb. – Antilles cherry
• Prunus prostrata Labill. – mountain cherry, rock cherry, spreading cherry or prostrate cherry
• Prunus pseudocerasus Lindl. – Chinese sour cherry or false cherry
• Prunus pumila L. – sand cherry
• Prunus rufa Wall ex Hook.f. – Himalayan cherry
• Prunus salicifolia Kunth. – capulin, Singapore cherry or tropic cherry
• Prunus sargentii Rehder – Sargent’s cherry or Ezo Mountain cherry
• Prunus serotina Ehrh. – black cherry
• Prunus serrula Franch. – paperbark cherry, birch bark cherry or Tibetan cherry
• Prunus serrulata Lindl. – Japanese cherry, hill cherry, Oriental cherry or East Asian cherry
• Prunus speciosa (Koidz.) Ingram – Oshima cherry
• Prunus ssiori Schmidt- Hokkaido bird cherry
• Prunus stipulacea Maxim.
• Prunus subhirtella Miq. – Higan cherry or spring cherry
• Prunus takesimensis Nakai – Takeshima flowering cherry
• Prunus tomentosa Thunb. – Nanking cherry, Manchu cherry, downy cherry, Shanghai cherry, Ando cherry, mountain cherry, Chinese dwarf cherry, Chinese bush cherry
• Prunus verecunda (Koidz.) Koehne – Korean mountain cherry
• Prunus virginiana L. – chokecherry
• Prunus x yedoensis Matsum. – Yoshino cherry or Tokyo cherry

History

Etymology and antiquity

The native range of the wild cherry extends through most of Europe, western Asia and parts of northern Africa, and the fruit has been consumed through its range since prehistoric times. A cultivated cherry is recorded as having been brought to Rome by Lucius Licinius Lucullus from northeastern Anatolia, modern day Turkey, also known as the Pontus region, in 72 BC.^[1]

A form of cherry was introduced into England at Teynham, near Sittingbourne in Kent by order of Henry VIII, who had tasted them in Flanders.^[2][3][4]

The English word cherry, French cerise and Spanish cereza all come from the classical Greek (κέρασος) through the Latin cerasum, thus the ancient Roman place name Cerasus, today a city in northern Turkey Giresun from which the cherry was first exported to Europe.^[5]

Nutritional value

Cherries contain anthocyanins, the red pigment in berries. Cherry anthocyanins have been shown to reduce pain and inflammation in rats.^[6] Anthocyanins are also potent antioxidants under active research for a variety of potential health benefits. According to a study funded by the Cherry Marketing Institute, presented at the Experimental Biology 2008 meeting in San Diego, rats that received whole tart cherry powder mixed into a high-fat diet did not gain as much weight or build up as much body fat, and their blood showed much lower levels of inflammation indicators that have been linked to heart disease and diabetes. In addition, they had significantly lower blood levels of cholesterol and triglycerides than the other rats.^[7]

Cherries (sweet, edible parts)

Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
Energy	263 kJ (63 kcal)
Carbohydrates	16 g
- Sugars	13 g
- Dietary fibre	2 g
Fat	0.2 g
Protein	1.1 g
Vitamin C	7 mg (8%)
Iron	0.4 mg (3%)
Percentages are relative to US recommendations for adults. Source: USDA Nutrient Database

Wildlife value

Cherry trees also provide food for the caterpillars of several Lepidoptera. See List of Lepidoptera which feed on Prunus.

Cultivation

The cultivated forms are of the species wild cherry (P. avium) to which most cherry cultivars belong, and the sour cherry (P. cerasus), which is used mainly for cooking. Both species originate in Europe and western Asia; they do not cross-pollinate. Some other species, although having edible fruit, are not grown extensively for consumption, except in northern regions where the two main species will not grow. Irrigation, spraying, labor and their propensity to damage from rain and hail make cherries relatively expensive. Nonetheless, there is high demand for the fruit. Cherry is harvested by using shaker in commercial production.^[8] Hand picking is also widly used to harvest the fruit to avoid damage since cherries are delicate.

Growing season

Cherries have a very short growing season and can grow in most temperate latitudes. The peak season for cherries is in the summer. In Australia, they are usually at their peak in late December, in southern Europe in June, in North America in June, in south British Columbia (Canada) in July to mid August, and in the UK in mid July. In many parts of North America, they are among the first tree fruits to ripen.

In Orange, NSW – A cool climate cherry region, the season begins in mid November and finishes towards the end of January. ‘Kordia’ is an early variety which ripens during the beginning of December, ‘Lapins peak’ near the end of December, and ‘Sweethearts’ appear slightly later.

Ornamental trees

See cherry blossom and Prunus.

Commercial production

Annual world production (as of 2007) of cultivated cherry fruit is about two million tonnes. Around 40% of world production originates in Europe and around 13% in the United States.

Top Cherry Producing Nations – 2009 (in thousand metric tons)
Turkey	417.7
United States	390.7
Iran	225.0
Italy	116.2
Spain	96.4
Syria	78.3
Russia	69.0
Romania	67.9
Uzbekistan	67.0
Chile	56.0
France	53.6
Ukraine	53.0
Poland	50.5
Greece	48.0
Germany	39.5
Lebanon	34.7
Austria	30.3
Serbia	29.2
China	27.0
Japan	18.0
Bulgaria	17.4
Armenia	15.0
Canada	14.6
Australia	13.7
Kazakhstan	13.0
India	12.7
Portugal	11.2
Albania	10.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10.7
Switzerland	10.2
Moldova	9.0
Hungary	8.1
Morocco	7.4
Croatia	7.1
Azerbaijan	6.9
World Total	2,196.1
Source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations[9]

Eurasia

Major commercial cherry orchards in Europe are in Turkey (mainly Anatolia), Italy and Spain. To a smaller extent is also grown in the Baltic States and southern Scandinavia.

North America

In the United States, most sweet cherries are grown in Washington, California, Oregon, Wisconsin, and Michigan.^[10] Important sweet cherry cultivars include Bing, Brooks, Tulare, King and Rainier. In addition, the Lambert variety is grown on the eastern side of Flathead Lake in northwestern Montana.^[11] Both Oregon and Michigan provide light-colored Royal Ann (Napoleon; alternately Queen Anne) cherries for the maraschino cherry process. Most sour (also called tart) cherries are grown in Michigan, followed by Utah, New York, and Washington.^[10] Additionally, native and nonnative cherries grow well in Canada (Ontario and British Columbia). Sour cherries include Nanking and Evans cherry. Traverse City, Michigan claims to be the “Cherry Capital of the World”, hosting a National Cherry Festival and making the world’s largest cherry pie. The specific region of northern Michigan is known for tart cherry production is referred to as the “Traverse Bay” region.

Australia

In Australia, cherries are grown in all the states except for the Northern Territory. The major producing regions are located in the temperate areas within New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia and Tasmania. Western Australia has limited production in the elevated parts in southwest of the state. Key production areas include Young, Orange and Bathurst in New South Wales, Wandin, the Goulburn and Murray valley areas in Victoria, the Adelaide Hills region in South Australia, and the Huon and Derwent Valleys in Tasmania.

Key commercial varieties in order of seasonality include ‘Empress’, ‘Merchant’, ‘Supreme’, ‘Ron’s seedling’, ‘Chelan’, ‘Ulster’, ‘Van’, ‘Bing’, ‘Stella’, ‘Nordwunder’, ‘Lapins’, ‘Simone’, ‘Regina’, ‘Kordia’ and ‘Sweetheart’. New varieties are being introduced, including the late season ‘Staccato’ and early season ‘Sequoia’. The Australian Cherry Breeding program is developing a series of new varieties which are under testing evaluation.^[12]

The New South Wales town of Young is called the “Cherry Capital of Australia” and hosts the National Cherry Festival.